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First published online on December 23, 2003.
Copyright © 2003 by The Physiological Society
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jphysiol.2003.054650v1
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Received September 6, 2003
Revised October 2, 2003
Accepted after revision December 19, 2003

Inhibition of {alpha}-adrenergic vasoconstriction in exercising human thigh muscles

D. Walter Wray1, Paul J Fadel1, Michael L Smith1, Peter Raven1, and Mikael Sander2*

1 Department of Integrative Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
2 Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sanders{at}dadlnet.dk.

The mechanisms underlying metabolic inhibition of sympathetic responses within exercising skeletal muscle remain incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to test whether {alpha}2- adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction was more sensitive to metabolic inhibition than {alpha}1- vasoconstriction during dynamic knee-extensor exercise. We studied healthy volunteers using two protocols: 1) Wide dose-ranges of the {alpha}-adrenoreceptor agonists phenylephrine (PE, {alpha}1 selective) and BHT-933 (BHT, {alpha}2 selective) were administered intra-arterially at rest and during 27W knee-extensor exercise (n=13); 2) Flow-adjusted doses of PE (0.3 µg.kg-1.l-1.min-2) and BHT (15 µg.kg-1.l-1.min-2) were administered at rest and during ramped exercise (7W-37W) (n=10). Ultrasound Doppler and thermodilution techniques provided direct measurements of femoral blood flow (FBF). PE (0.8 µg.kg-1.min-1) and BHT (40 µg.kg-1.min-1) produced comparable maximal reductions in FBF at rest (-58±6 vs. -64±4%). Despite increasing the doses, PE (1.6 µg.kg-1.min-1) and BHT (80 µg.kg-1.min-1) caused significantly smaller changes in FBF during 27W-exercise (-13±4 vs. -3±5%). During ramped exercise, significant vasoconstriction at lower intensities (7 and 17W) was seen following PE (-16±5 and -16±4%), but not BHT (-2±4 and -4±5%). At the highest intensity (37W), FBF was not significantly changed by either drug. Collectively, these data demonstrate metabolic inhibition of {alpha}-adrenergic vasoconstriction in large postural muscles of healthy humans. Both {alpha}1- and {alpha}2-adrenoreceptor agonists produce comparable vasoconstriction in the resting leg, and dynamic thigh exercise attenuates {alpha}1- and {alpha}2-mediated vasoconstriction similarly. However, {alpha}2-mediated vasoconstriction appears more sensitive to metabolic inhibition, because {alpha}2 is completely inhibited even at low workloads, whereas {alpha}1 becomes progressively inhibited with increasing workloads.


Key words: Adrenergic • Exercise • Vasomotion







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