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Received December 5, 2003
Revised January 30, 2004
Accepted after revision April 26, 2004
1 Copenhagen Research Centre
2 Karolinska Institute
3 Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre
4 University College of Physical Education and Sports
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lopezcalbet{at}terra.es.
The fact that muscular blood flow may reach 2.5 l
kg-1 min-1 in the quadriceps
muscle has been argued to suggest that muscular vascular
conductance must be restrained during whole body
exercise to avoid hypotension. The main aim of this
study was to determine the maximal arm and leg muscle
vascular conductances (VC) during leg and arm exercise,
to find out if the maximal muscular vasodilatory
response is restrained during maximal combined arm and
leg exercise. Six Swedish elite cross-country skiers,
age (mean ± S.E.M.) 24 ± 2 yr, height
180 ± 2 cm, weight 74 ± 2 kg, and
maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 5.1 ±
0.1 l min-1 participated in the study.
Femoral and subclavian vein blood flows, intra-arterial
blood pressure, cardiac output, as well as blood gases
in the femoral and subclavian vein, right atrium and
femoral artery where determined during skiing (roller
skis) at 
76% of VO2max and at
VO2max with different techniques: the
diagonal stride (combined arm and leg exercise), the
double poling (predominantly arm exercise) and leg
skiing (predominantly leg exercise). During submaximal
exercise cardiac output (26-27 l min-1), mean
blood pressure (MAP) (87 mmHg), systemic VC,
systemic oxygen delivery and pulmonary VO2
(~4 l min-1) attained similar values
regardless of exercise mode. The distribution of cardiac
output was modified depending on the musculature engaged
in the exercise. There was a close relationship between
VC and VO2 in arms (r = 0.99, P < 0.001) and
legs (r = 0.98, P <0.05). Peak arm VC (63.7 ±
5.6 ml min-1 Hg-1) was attained
during double poling, while peak leg VC was reached at
maximal exercise with the diagonal technique (109.8 &
[plusmn] 11.5 ml min-1 Hg-1) when
arm VC was 38.8 ± 5.7 ml min-1
Hg-1. If during maximal exercise arms and
legs had been vasodilated to the observed maximal levels
then mean arterial pressure would have dropped at least
to 75-77 mmHg in our experimental conditions. It is
concluded that skeletal muscle vascular conductance is
restrained during whole body exercise in the upright
position to avoid hypotension.
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