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Received December 15, 2003
Revised February 2, 2004
Accepted after revision March 19, 2004
1 Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
2 Division of Neurology and Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto
3 The Alfred and Monash University Department of Psychological Medicine
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: robert.chen{at}uhn.on.ca.
Animal studies have shown that cerebellar projections influence both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the motor cortex although this connectivity has yet to be demonstrated in human subjects. In human subjects, magnetic or electrical stimulation of the cerebellum 5-7 ms before transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex decreases the TMS-induced motor evoked potential (MEP); thus indicating a cerebellar inhibition of the motor cortex (CBI). TMS also reveals inhibitory and excitatory circuits of the motor cortex, including a short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), long- interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). This study used magnetic cerebellar stimulation to investigate connections between the cerebellum and these cortical circuits. Three experiments were performed on 11 subjects. Experiment one showed that with increasing test stimulus intensities, LICI, CBI and ICF decreased, while SICI increased. Experiment two showed that the presence of CBI reduced SICI and increased ICF. Experiment three showed that the interaction between CBI and LICI reduced CBI. Collectively, these findings suggest that cerebellar stimulation results in changes to both inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the human motor cortex.
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