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Received March 22, 2004
Revised April 28, 2004
Accepted after revision June 21, 2004
1 CEA-Grenoble
2 CMU geneva
3 CNRS
4 CEA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: vivaudou{at}cea.fr.
Extracellular Zn2+ has been identified as an activator of pancreatic KATP channels. We further examined the action of Zn2+ on recombinant KATP channels formed with the inward rectifier K+ channel subunit Kir6.2 associated with either the pancreatic/neuronal SUR1 subunit or the cardiac SUR2A subunit. Zn2+, applied at either the extracellular or intracellular side of the membrane appeared as a potent, reversible activator of KATP channels. External Zn2+, at micromolar concentrations, activated SUR1/Kir6.2 but induced a small inhibition of SUR2A/Kir6.2 channels. Cytosolic Zn2+ dose-dependently stimulated both SUR1/Kir6.2 and SUR2A/Kir6.2 channels with half-maximal effects at 1.8 and 60 µM, respectively, but it did not affect the Kir6.2 subunit expressed alone. These observations point to an action of both external and internal Zn2+ on the SUR subunit. Effects of internal Zn2+ were not due to Zn2+ leaking out, since they were unaffected by the presence of a Zn2+ chelator on the external side. Similarly, internal chelators did not affect activation by external Zn2+. Therefore, Zn2+ is an endogenous KATP channel opener being active on both sides of the membrane, with potentially distinct sites of action located on the SUR subunit. These findings uncover a novel regulatory pathway targeting KATP channels and suggest a new role for Zn2+ as an intracellular signalling molecule.
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