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Received December 21, 2004
Revised January 25, 2005
Accepted after revision February 8, 2005
1 University of Adelaide
2 Rowett Research Institute
3 The University of Adelaide
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: caroline.mcmillen{at}adelaide.edu.au.
There is evidence that changes in perinatal nutrition programs the development of relative fat mass and the regulation of appetite in adult life. These studies have been primarily in the rodent utilising maternal overnutrition or undernutrition imposed at different stages of pregnancy and beyond, mapping of neuropeptide localisation and activity and appropriate null mutant models. Whilst the rodent offers significant advantages in terms of a short gestation and the availability of useful transgenic and null mutant models, there are also advantages to using an animal model more akin to the human, in which all components of the 'fat-brain axis' are present before birth such as the sheep. This review summarises recent work on the expression and localisation of the 'appetite regulatory' peptides in the fetal rodent and sheep hypothalamus and their potential role in the early programming of postnatal appetite and obesity.
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