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Received February 4, 2005
Revised March 8, 2005
Accepted after revision March 16, 2005
1 University of Missouri
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: boothf{at}missouri.edu.
Four-week-old, Fischer Brown-Norway F1-generation male rats were given access to voluntary running wheels for 21 days, then the wheels were locked for 5 (WL5), 10 (WL10), 29 (WL29), or 53 (WL53) hours. Two other groups (SED5 and SED10) had no access to voluntary running wheels and were sacrificed at the same time as WL5 and WL10, respectively. Absolute and relative epididymal fat mass, mean cell volume, and amount of lipid per cell increased in WL53 relative to all other groups, with no change in cell number. C/EBP
protein levels in epididymal fat were 30% greater in SED5 than in WL5. The rate of triacylglycerol synthesis in epididymal fat was 4.2-fold greater in SED5 than in WL5, but was 79% lower in SED10 than in WL10, representing a 14-fold increase in former voluntary runners between WL5 and WL10. Triacylglycerol synthesis remained at this elevated level (at least 3.5-fold greater than SED5) through WL53. Thus, the rapid increase in epididymal fat mass with the cessation of voluntary wheel running is associated with a prolonged overshoot in epididymal fat triacylglycerol synthesis. Moreover, rats without running wheels had a 9.4% lower body mass after 21 days than those with running wheels. The individual mass of 7 different muscles from the hindlimb, upper forelimb, and back were each lower in animals without running wheels, suggesting that physical activity in rapidly growing rats may be requisite for optimal muscle development.
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