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First published online on March 31, 2006.
Copyright © 2006 by The Physiological Society
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jphysiol.2006.108563v1
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Received February 28, 2006
Revised March 13, 2006
Accepted after revision March 30, 2006

Influence of ipsilateral transcranial magnetic stimulation on the triphasic EMG-pattern accompanying fast ballistic movements

Kerstin Irlbacher1, Martin Voss2, Bernd Ulrich Meyer1, and John C Rothwell3*

1 Charité, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Department of Neurology
2 Charité, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Department of Psychiatry
3 Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: j.rothwell{at}ion.ucl.ac.uk.

Fast ballistic flexion movements of the wrist are produced by a triphasic pattern of electromyographic (EMG) activity in flexor and extensor muscle. Whereas it is generally accepted that the primary motor cortex generates the first agonist burst (AG1), its contribution to the following antagonist (ANT) and second agonist burst (AG2) is unresolved. We applied single pulses of suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at different times to the motor cortex ipsilateral to wrist flexion. This produced interhemispheric inhibition of the opposite motor cortex and a silent period in the ballistic EMG pattern that started about 30ms after the stimulus and lasted for a further 30ms. If the silence was timed to start within the first 30 ms of AG1, then timing of the subsequent ANT and AG2 bursts was delayed. However, if the silence began later, then the timing of the ANT burst was not changed. A similar effect on the onset latency of the AG2 was seen if the silence began in the first part of the ANT burst. The results are compatible with a model in which the triphasic pattern is not triggered as a single entity. Instead we suggest that each burst has its own trigger that occurs about 30-40 ms after the start of AG1 (or ANT). If AG1 (or ANT) is interrupted within this time period then this trigger, and hence later bursts, are delayed. If the interruption occurs after 30-40 ms it has no effect on the onset of later bursts since they have already been triggered.


Key words: Inhibition • Motor control • Transcranial magnetic stimulation







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