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First published online on May 18, 2006.
 Copyright © 2006 by The Physiological Society
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Received March 27, 2006
Revised May 2, 2006
Accepted after revision May 15, 2006

The Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Richard M Reznick1 and Gerald I Shulman1*

1 Yale University

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gerald.shulman{at}yale.edu.

While it has been known for more than 75 years that physical activity is associated with increased mitochondrial content in muscle, the molecular mechanism for this adaptive process has only recently been elucidated. This brief review examines existing studies that have identified AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and several other key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ã coactivator-1á and -1â, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, and nitric oxide. In addition, the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance associated with aging and type 2 diabetes mellitus is also discussed.


Key words: Ageing • Diabetes • Mitochondria




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