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Received September 12, 2006
Revised October 2, 2006
Accepted after revision November 28, 2006
1 Department of Animal Science, FSAA/INAF, Laval University, Québec, Canada
2 Laval University Hospital Center (CHUL), Québec, Canada
3 USDA/ARS Children's Nutr. Res. Ctr, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
4 Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: carole.thivierge{at}san.ulaval.ca.
The ability of the skeletal musculature to use amino acids to build or renew constitutive proteins is gradually lost with age and this is partly due to a decline in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Since long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) from fish oil are known to improve insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant states, their potential role in regulating insulin-mediated protein metabolism was investigated in this study. Experimental data are based on a switchback design composed of three 5-wk experimental periods using 6 growing steers to compare the effect of a continuous abomasal infusion of LCn-3PUFA-rich menhaden oil with an iso-energetic control oil mixture. Clamp and insulin signaling observations were combined with additional data from a second cohort of 6 steers. We found that enteral LCn-3PUFA potentiate insulin action by increasing the insulin-stimulated whole-body disposal of amino acids from 152 to 308 µmol·kg-1·h-1 (P = 0.006). The study further showed that in the fed steady-state, chronic adaptation to LCn-3PUFA induces greater activation (P < 0.05) of the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 signaling pathway. Simultaneously, whole-body total flux of phenylalanine was reduced from 87 to 67 µmol·kg-1·h-1 (P = 0.04) and oxidative metabolism was decreased (P = 0.05). We conclude that chronic feeding of menhaden oil provides a novel nutritional mean to enhance insulin sensitive aspects of protein metabolism.
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