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The cover image shows, top left: model ofthe signalling molecules involved in induction ofLTP. GABA LTP ofGABAergic synapses is heterosynaptic, triggered by NMDA receptor activation at glutamate synapses and requires NO-cGMP signalling. An in vivo injection ofmorphine prevents GABA LTP through the presynaptic interaction between opioid signalling pathways and NO targets; top right: visualizing a cure: a mutation on the X chromosome causes fragile X syndrome; recent studies using ocular dominance plasticity provide compelling evidence for new strategies for the treatment ofthe disorder; bottom left: within the CA3 region ofthe hippocampus mossy fibre axons (revealed in blue by staining for calbindin) arising from dentate gyrus granule cells provide excitatory glutamatergic inputs to both pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons (both revealed in red by filling with biocytin and processing with Alexa-633 conjugated avidin). In this issue, Pelkey & McBain, review this cell-target specific plasticity ofmossy fibre transmission. Bottom right: sequential perforated patch and whole-cell recording from an oriens lacunosum moleculare interneuron reveals that synapses with inward-rectifying AMPA receptors undergo anti-Hebbian LTP.